Enslaving Children for Profit in the 21st Century

In my last post, I shared the startling discovery that modern day slavery is happening much closer to home than you might think.  In this post I am going to talk about child slavery.

At the conference on modern day slavery that I recently attended, the 2007 Madame Afolabi case was cited as a typical example of trafficking and forced labor in New Jersey.  Madame Afolabi would travel to Togo and Ghana and offer parents the opportunity to send one of their children to the US to go to school and learn a trade.  She would also approach men and offer to help them pay for visas. They were told they had to leave their wife and family behind and take her girls with them, but could bring their families later.  They had to pose as family to deceive immigration officials. The girls documents were confiscated when they arrived in the U.S. 

Once here, the girls were taught how to braid hair and sent to work at hair braiding salons.  The Afolabi family owned two salons and also provided girls to independent salons.  The girls were paid in cash, which they had to surrender when they returned home, along with all their tips.  The Afolabi family made 3 million dollars over 5 years.  There were 24 girls; eight were still minors when the labor trafficking ring was discovered. Most were minors when initially enslaved.  All of the minors were coached to tell customers that they were 18.  Customers would make jokes about how they never turned 19, but didn't question it any further. Some of the victims commented that they wished their customers would have asked questions about the things that didn't make sense.

The enslaved girls lived in squalor in overcrowded, roach infested Newark and East Orange residences and were subjected to physical, emotional and sexual abuse.  They were also threatened with Voodoo curses, and since Voodoo was known as a religion back home in Africa, the girls believed in the power of these curses.  Emotional abuse and coercion also involved being threatened with being sent back to Africa, which would be perceived as failure by their families. 

When interviewed during the Homeland Security investigation, the girls' families in Africa all described Madame Afolabi as being a sweet and wonderful woman who gave their daughters an incredible opportunity.  Instead, she was a predator  who took advantage of their trusting and hopeful natures. 

One of the families in Togo begged Madame Afolabi for money to help their sick daughter at home.  They were told there was no money.  The girl died.   At a later date, Madame Afolabi visited and gave the family $30 for their dead daughter.

There were two trials, one for the visa fraud and the other for the labor trafficking.  Madame Afolabi received a sentence of 27 years in prison.  One of her sons was sentenced to 24.5 years . Three other family members were also convicted and sentenced to several years in prison each.

Is human trafficking occurring in your community?  To learn more about the signs, you can go to: http://www.polarisproject.org/human-trafficking/recognizing-the-signs

To advocate on behalf of trafficking victims, you can  contact your  representatives and tell them to vote for anti-trafficking legislation.  For further information go to: http://www.polarisproject.org/take-action/advocate

Another way you can help is to fight online advertising of child sex trafficking.  According to Change.Org and a NYTimes.com op-ed article by Nicholas Kristof,*  Backpage.com’s adult ad section is the largest forum for advertising child sex trafficking in the U.S.  They report that buying and selling of young girls and boys for sexual slavery is a regular occurrence on the site.  Backpage.com is owned by Village Voice Media.  To sign the petition telling Village Voice Media to stop child sex trafficking on Backpage.com:    http://www.change.org/petitions/alta-communications-and-brynwood-partners-stop-financing-child-sex-trafficking?utm_campaign=uAaXFrseAf&utm_medium=email&utm_source=action_alert


* http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/01/opinion/sunday/kristof-financers-and-sex-trafficking.html

Modern Day Slavery is Closer to Home Than You Think

Just before Passover,  a holiday celebrating Jewish freedom from slavery in ancient Egypt, I attended a conference on modern day slavery at the Jewish Community Center in Whippany, NJ.  It was presented by the Polaris Project, a Washington D.C. based non-profit organization dedicated to the abolition of sex and labor trafficking in the United States. 

Slavery in the United States in 2012? That's right. It's closer to home than you think. 

The staff of the Polaris Project  New Jersey office described how they rescued a young woman from Guatemala who was forced into domestic servitude.  The 18 year old thought she was coming  to the U.S. to work for a family, learn English and go to school.  The family sponsored her visa, then confiscated her documents and made her work 18 hrs/day for 6 years for no pay  in the suburbs of New Jersey.  The teen was told that she was legally bound to do anything she was told to do by her employer. Then she was restricted from almost all outside contact, forbidden from using the phone and physically and sexually abused. The one thing she was allowed to do outside the  home was to go to church on Sundays. Over time,  her church experience led her to realize that she was being deceived and mistreated and she reached out to the trafficking hotline.

Two local survivors spoke at the conference.  Dara (not her real name) was a woman who grew up in an affluent town in New Jersey and went to college in Boston.  While away at college, she was invited to a party, but when she got there was told it was the wrong night. The man invited her out to dinner and paid her a lot of attention.  He became her "boyfriend" and one night told her to get dressed so they could go to the "track". When she got there she found out that he expected her to "walk the track" to make money as a prostitute. Dara felt betrayed, trapped, degraded and humiliated and didn't know how to get out of the situation. After a week she got up the courage to stand up to him. She told him to "shove it" and he beat her.  He kept her totally isolated , would only let her call home when he was monitoring the call and continued to beat her for supposed  infractions of the rules.  She was afraid to do anything to cross him. 

Dara's  pimp  made her work as an escort by day starting at 8 AM and then change her clothes and walk the track from 9 PM to 6 AM. From 6 AM-8 AM she could eat or sleep; she always chose sleep.  Dara said that she fortunately managed to stay away from doing drugs.  This enabled her to stay aware of her surroundings and  get out of dangerous situations; otherwise, she believes she would be dead. After two years, her pimp surprisingly allowed her to go on vacation with her family and she found the courage to tell them what had happened even though she was afraid they would reject her. Her family was supportive and she never went back.  She completed her undergraduate college degree back home in New Jersey and finished a year of graduate school.  She's been married 5 years and has 2 children and volunteers at the Polaris Project to help others victims of sex trafficking.

The night before the conference there were over 180 ads for massage parlors in NJ on Backpage and Craigslist.  And it's not just in low income communities; 15 were listed for Morris County, where the conference took place.  According to the Polaris Project, for every two Starbucks in this country there is a massage parlor.  In NJ the ratio is 1 to 1. There are 500 massage parlors in this state alone.  Sex trafficking is not uncommon in these massage parlors. Late night hours, video monitoring of the street, and blacked out windows are some of the telltale signs. 

In New Jersey, mostly Asian and Eastern European women are brought to the U.S. under false pretenses and forced into debt servitude in these massage parlors.  First they are promised the American Dream, then they are charged exorbitant fees for being smuggled into the country, and for food and substandard housing, but the massage parlor fees are collected by the  "mamasan" who runs the massage parlor and all this money goes to the house.  The women are forced to engage in the commercial sex trade to make any money towards trying to pay off their debt. 

For answers to questions about possible trafficking situations, call the National Human Trafficking Resource Center (NHTRC) hotline at 1-888-3737-888. It is confidential and available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, every day of the year. The NHTRC is a program of the Polaris Project, a non-governmental   organization (NGO) not affiliated with law enforcement or immigration authorities.  For further information go to : http://www.polarisproject.org/what-we-do/national-human-trafficking-hotline/the-nhtrc/call-vignettes

In my next post, I will give examples of child labor and sex trafficking, describe warning signs and actions you can take on the legislative and grassroots levels.